E-service quality and promotion on customer loyalty: The importance of customer satisfaction

Satisfaction and loyalty are two important things that must be maintained in a business. Various factors, including service quality and promotion, can also influence these. Bank services have entered a new digital phase. Bank services have implemented e-service as part of non-personal services that can be done anywhere and anytime, especially in an effort to deal with customer financial problems. This study intends to ascertain the impact of customer satisfaction, e-service quality, and promotion on customer loyalty as well as the impact of e-service and promotion on customer satisfaction. 173 respondents made up the study's sample, which was selected using a purposive sampling technique and non-probability sampling. Smart PLS is then used to process the data that was obtained. The outcomes demonstrated a negative correlation between customer satisfaction and e-service quality and promotion. The amount of customer loyalty has also been proven to be negatively impacted by the quality and promotion of e-service. The degree of customer pleasure, which has been shown to have a favorable impact on customer loyalty, also signals varied outcomes

Graphene-Based Materials for Supercapacitor

Graphene, a one-atomic-thick film of two-dimensional nanostructure, has piqued the attention of researchers due to its superior electrical conductivity, large surface area, good chemical stability, and excellent mechanical behaviour. These extraordinary properties make graphene an appropriate contender for energy storage applications. However, the agglomeration and re-stacking of graphene layers due to the enormous interlayer van der Waals attractions have severely hampered the performance of supercapacitors. Several strategies have been introduced to overcome the limitations and established graphene as an ideal candidate for supercapacitor. The combination of conducting polymer (CP) or metal oxide (MO) with graphene as electrode material is expected to boost the performance of supercapacitors. Recent reports on various CP/graphene composites and MO/graphene composites as supercapacitor electrode materials are summarised in this chapter, with a focus on the two basic supercapacitor mechanisms (EDLCs and pseudocapacitors)

PV-Powered CoMP-Based Green Cellular Networks with a Standby Grid Supply

This paper proposes a novel framework for PV-powered cellular networks with a standby grid supply and an essential energy management technique for achieving envisaged green networks. The proposal considers an emerging cellular network architecture employing two types of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission techniques for serving the subscribers. Under the proposed framework, each base station (BS) is powered by an individual PV solar energy module having an independent storage device. BSs are also connected to the conventional grid supply for meeting additional energy demand. We also propose a dynamic inter-BS solar energy sharing policy through a transmission line for further greening the proposed network by minimizing the consumption from the grid supply. An extensive simulation-based study in the downlink of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular system is carried out for evaluating the energy efficiency performance of the proposed framework. System performance is also investigated for identifying the impact of various system parameters including storage factor, storage capacity, solar generation capacity, transmission line loss, and different CoMP techniques.Comment: 14 pages, International Journal of Photoenergy, 6189468, 201

Antiferro quadrupolar ordering in Fe intercalated few layers graphene

The π electron cloud above and below the honeycomb structure of graphene causes each carbon atom to carry a permanent electric quadrupole moment which can attach any cation to impart interesting physical properties. We have synthesized Fe intercalated graphene structures to investigate tunable magnetic properties as a result of this chemical modification. An interesting antiferro quadrupolar ordering is observed which arises due to a coupling between magnetic dipole moment of Fe and electric quadrupole moment on graphene surface. In contrast to antiferromagnetic Neel temperature (TN), here the ordering temperature (TQ) increases from 35.5 K to 47.5 K as the magnetic field is raised upto 1 Tesla

Automatic Memory Management Policies For Low Power, Memory Limited, And Delay Intolerant Devices

Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are energy and memory limited, and implement graphical user interfaces that are intolerant of computational delays. Mobile device platforms supporting apps implemented in languages that require automatic memory man- agement, such as the Dalvik (Java) virtual machine within Google\u27s Android, have become dominant. It is essential that automatic memory management avoid causing unacceptable interface delays while responsibly managing energy and memory resource usage. Dalvik\u27s automatic memory management policies for heap growth and garbage collection scheduling utilize heuristics tuned to minimize memory footprint. These policies result in only marginally acceptable response times and garbage collection signicantly contributes to apps\u27 CPU time and therefore energy consumption. The primary contributions of this research include a characterization of Dalvik\u27s \base- line automatic memory management policy, the development of a new \adaptive policy, and an investigation of the performance of this policy. The investigation indicates that this adaptive policy consumes less CPU time and improves interactive performance at the cost of increasing memory footprint size by an acceptable amount

Institutional factors and CSR reporting in a developing country: Evidence from the neo-institutional perspective

AbstractThis research aims to investigate how institutional pressures, such as legal, cultural, and normative factors, affect CSR reporting (CSRR) in the context of a developing nation. Based on the purposive sample method, 272 DSE-listed companies from 2017–18 to 2020–21 were identified, and 1088 observations were investigated in this research. The study also employed a content analysis approach to preparing the CSRR index, considering 40 items. The proposed hypotheses were then investigated using the OLS regression model. Applying the neo-institutional theory and the regression analysis results revealed that CSR reporting is positively and significantly associated with the country’s institutional environment. Specifically, the presence of CSR reporting guidelines, the reforming of the corporate governance code, firms auditing with big audit firms, the company’s multinational operations, and firm GRI registration positively impact CSR reporting. As opposed to that, firms’ membership in CSR-related associations was found to have a negative and insignificant impact on CSR reporting. This study pays rigorous attention to policy-level and managerial implications. Mainly, the study provides the regulatory bodies with a valuable insight into applying institutional factors to enhance firm CSR reporting. The study’s findings added to the body of knowledge on CSR reporting by presenting new data on the influence of institutional elements on CSR reporting in the setting of a developing nation like Bangladesh

Reconfigurable Antennas for RF Energy Harvesting Application: Current Trends, Challenges, and Solutions from Design Perspective

Due to the widespread use of low-power embedded devices in both industrial and consumer applications, research into the use of alternate energy sources has been sparked by the requirement for continuous power. Due to its accessibility and ability to be implanted, RF energy is always taken into consideration among the traditional energy sources that are currently available. There is a significant necessity for efficient RF front-ends, which must provide effective circular polarization (CP) features, effectiveness, feasibility from a design standpoint, and optimal usage of ambient RF signals accessible in the environment. So, for understanding their utilization in RF energy harvesting, a metasurface reflector-inspired CP-printed reconfigurable antenna integrated with a Greinacher voltage divider (GVD) rectifier circuit is reported. It offers broadband CP with fractional bandwidth > 25%, CP gain > 8.35 dBic, and directional radiation with the 3 dB angular beamwidth > 100° in the 3.5/5 GHz bands. With the integration of the rectifier circuit, a theoretical DC output > 4.8 V at 12 dBm is obtained. The acceptable impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, antenna gain, antenna efficiency, and directional radiation with a 3 dB angular beamwidth value are studied and subsequently matched with the trade-offs (usage of diodes, complexity of DC biasing circuits, and attainment of polarization reconfigurability) obtained from the state of the art. A comprehensive study of the reconfigurable antennas is reported to highlight the findings as a widespread solution for these limitations in RF energy harvesting application

Blockchain Based Authentication and Cluster Head Selection Using DDR-LEACH in Internet of Sensor Things

This paper proposes a blockchain-based node authentication model for the Internet of sensor things (IoST). The nodes in the network are authenticated based on their credentials to make the network free from malicious nodes. In IoST, sensor nodes gather the information from the environment and send it to the cluster heads (CHs) for additional processing. CHs aggregate the sensed information. Therefore, their energy rapidly depletes due to extra workload. To solve this issue, we proposed distance, degree, and residual energy-based low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (DDR-LEACH) protocol. DDR-LEACH is used to replace CHs with the ordinary nodes based on maximum residual energy, degree, and minimum distance from BS. Furthermore, storing a huge amount of data in the blockchain is very costly. To tackle this issue, an external data storage, named as interplanetary file system (IPFS), is used. Furthermore, for ensuring data security in IPFS, AES 128-bit is used, which performs better than the existing encryption schemes. Moreover, a huge computational cost is required using a proof of work consensus mechanism to validate transactions. To solve this issue, proof of authority (PoA) consensus mechanism is used in the proposed model. The simulation results are carried out, which show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system model. The DDR-LEACH is compared with LEACH and the simulation results show that DDR-LEACH outperforms LEACH in terms of energy consumption, throughput, and improvement in network lifetime with CH selection mechanism. Moreover, transaction cost is computed, which is reduced by PoA during data storage on IPFS and service provisioning. Furthermore, the time is calculated in the comparison of AES 128-bit scheme with existing scheme. The formal security analysis is performed to check the effectiveness of smart contract against attacks. Additionally, two different attacks, MITM and Sybil, are induced in our system to show our system model’s resilience against cyber attacks

Analysis of Hybrid Spectrum Sensing for 5G and 6G Waveforms

More spectrum bands are needed as the number of wireless applications rises. The spectrum band, though, is now very difficult to adapt to new applications. Because of this, the spectrum is getting more crowded, which also affects quality of service (QoS). One of the most promising technologies to address the issue of spectrum scarcity is cognitive radio (CR). Spectrum sensing (SS) is thought to be essential to CR. It determines that when primary users (PUs) are not using the spectrum, the spectrum can be allocated to secondary users (SUs). In this paper, a novel 5G spectrum sensing technique was implemented using a hybrid matched filter (HMF) algorithm based on the fusion of two matched filters (MF). In addition, we compared the performance of the HMF and traditional MF in Rayleigh and Rician channels. It has been observed that the HMF performs more effectively than the conventional MF in both channels